TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: RA, with a prevalence of 0.5–1%, not only puts a strain on individuals but also carries significant societal costs.263 The prognosis has significantly improved due to the introduction of biological treatments, among which the antagonists of TNF-α were the first to be introduced, often combined with MTX and other prescribed disease-modifying medications.264 It is noteworthy that the use of combination therapy in RA is quite common.