PCSK9 and infarction: This suggested that PCSK9 might modulate the release of inflammation-associated cytokines by activating the TLR4/NF-кB pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages, and the AT04A anti-PCSK9 vaccine could lower levels of NLRP3 and other inflammatory markers in these macrophages.160,163,164 In a recent study, PCSK9KO mice, compared to their WT counterparts, displayed reduced infarction sizes and improved heart functions.