Furthermore, Mark et al. identified the expression of Wnt5a within human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions using apolipoprotein e-deficient mice and concluded that activation of the TLR-4 signaling cascade induces Wnt5a expression, and the crosstalk between TLR-4 and atypical Wnt family members, including Wnt5a, synergistically contributes to atherosclerosis.417 Additionally, a TLR4/AKT pathway that mediates Wnt5a expression has also been identified in human dental pulp stem cells.418. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and atherosclerosis.