An imbalance between pro-inflammatory macrophage (M1) and anti-inflammatory macrophage (M2) activities reflects the inflammatory state of the local cardiac tissue microenvironment.108,109 “In MI stage phase 1 (inflammatory phase,110–112 i.e., 1-4 days after infarction110–113), the macrophages recruited in the infarct area are predominantly M1 type, which secrete pro-inflammatory factors such as TNFα, IL1β, IL6, IL10 to remove cell debris; In the stage phase 2 of MI (reparative phase,110–112 i.e., the 5 -7days after infarction), M2 macrophages are predominantly recruited in the infarct area. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is myocardial infarction.