Given the prominent role of TLR2/4 in recognizing bacterial PAMPs and activating inflammation through the NF-κB pathway (Adelaja and Hoffmann, 2019; Meizlish et al, 2021), the TLR2/4 agonists LPS, FSL-1, and Pam3CSK4 were used to explore the mechanism through which DDX5 activated the TLR2/4/NF-κB pathway upon bacterial infection. The gene discussed is FSTL1; the disease is bacterial infectious disease.