Primary BMDM are naïve macrophages isolated from bone marrow, the birthplace of macrophages in blood and tissues of the whole body, which have been widely used in studies on innate immunity and TLR2/4-mediated NF-κB activation upon bacterial infection (Kondylis et al, 2017; Karmakar and Mandal, 2021). Here, TLR2 is linked to bacterial infectious disease.