The functional importance of the combined opposite targeting of p110δ PI3K and RhoA in preventing the proliferation rate, apoptosis and metastasis of tumour cells was the same either when interference with p110δ activity in macrophages starts concomitantly with (Fig. 3), precedes (Supplementary Fig. 3), or follows (Supplementary Fig. 4) the induction of RhoA activity into tumours. This evidence concerns the gene RHOA and neoplasm.