The differences in plasma proteome changes highlight the advantages of chiglitazar over sitagliptin in regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation, as well as renoprotective effects in T2D patients, since associated proteins, such as APOA1, PGLYRP2, and GSN, were found significantly regulated only after chiglitazar treatment but not sitagliptin treatment. This evidence concerns the gene PGLYRP2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.