AR and cancer: NRAS alone is insufficient to induce liver cancer in HDT mouse models, but it enhances tumorigenesis when combined with other oncogenes or loss of cancer suppressor genes16, Additionally, according to TCGA transcriptome dataset data of HCC patients, there is no expression relationship between NRAS and AR (Supplementary Fig. 3a), which means that an NRAS-accompanying driver HDT mouse model serves as a suitable tool to evaluate the oncogenic events of AR mutation genes.