,38,39,40 We observed that, in all but one dataset, neutrophils in responders relative to non-responders are highly enriched for a Ly6Ehi-neutrophil derived, IFN-stimulated signature (NeutIFN-15, genes: IFIT1, MX1, HERC5, IFI6, ISG15, IFIT3, RSAD2, GBP1, IFIT2, XAF1, PARP9, UBE2L6, IRF7, PARP14, and APOL6)—including in urothelial bladder carcinoma, glioblastoma, NSCLC, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and stomach adenocarcinoma datasets, at the pre-treatment stage (Figure 7A, top). Here, ISG15 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.