In addition to urinary NGAL, Brunner HI demonstrated that urinary transforming growth faction-β and ceruloplasmin, biomarkers such as alpha-1-acidic glycoprotein, lipoprotein-like prostaglandin D synthase, transferrin or vitamin D-binding protein can predict the effectiveness of treatment for LN.[18,19] Wenderfer SE found that children with active LN had higher urine CD163 levels than children without active LN and healthy children. Here, GC is linked to lobular neoplasia.