Another biomarker, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), a member of the chemokine superfamily synthesized and secreted by monocytes/macrophages, kidney cells and fibroblasts, is widely expressed and closely related to the occurrence and development of kidney disease.[31] The expression of MCP-1 can not only recruit and activate more inflammatory cells to penetrate the kidney. Here, CCL2 is linked to kidney disorder.