IL1B and sarcoidosis: Sarcoidosis is characterized by a persistent granulomatous reaction to an unknown antigen, which is believed to be triggered by Th1 cells.[11] Recently, Th17 cells, which are developed in response to IL-23 and IL-1β, are implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.[12] Th17 cells have been found surrounding and within the lung granuloma during the early and progressive phases of sarcoidosis with the development of fibrotic changes, suggesting that Th17 may accelerate the course of sarcoidosis.[12] Furthermore, Th17 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of UC.