There were significant differences in all covariates among the BMI category, including age, AL, ALT, AST, ALP, BUN, CAL, CPK, BC, CR, GGT, GLU, IR, PHO, BIL, PRO, UA, SOD, POT, CL, OSM, GLO, gender, race, and EL. Here, SOD1 is linked to primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.