GFAP and Alzheimer disease: As an additional clinical characteristic parameter, we included measurements of established non-disease specific markers of neurological damage (GFAP and Nf-L), as well as hallmark targets of AD (Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ42/ Aβ40, and p-tau181) measured in blood, as the literature strongly implicates their diagnostic performance and significance in relation to neurological disease.