DMD and cerebral malformation: Patients with mutations in Dystrophin develop Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), and frequently exhibit cognitive impairments in the absence of brain malformations, suggesting a general role for the DGC in synapse development and function (Jagadha and Becker, 1988; Moizard et al., 2000; Naidoo and Anthony, 2020).