TGFB1 and Myocardial fibrosis: In a rat model of HF constructed by coronary artery ligation, it was found that QSYQ had a significant myocardial protective effect on HF rats, which may improve the degree of myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smads pathway, and decrease myocardial cell apoptosis by inhibiting the caspase-3 signaling pathway (103).