ERVW-1 and HIV infectious disease: Silva et al. reported that a single dose vaccination with Env trimers combined with SMNP adjuvant could lead to seroconversion in all vaccinated male and female Indian rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with excellent HIV neutralizing antibody titers (Silva et al., 2021), whereas previous studies observed little or no Env-specific IgG in non-human primates after single immunizations of HIV Env trimers with various adjuvants, suggesting SMNP as a promising vaccine adjuvant candidate to be used for further studies for clinical use in HIV infection.