Data suggest that microbiota adjustment may present a novel strategy for improving the efficacy of immunotherapies for cancer, particularly checkpoint blockade approaches targeting the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) pathways (Goc and Sonnenberg, 2022; Park et al., 2022). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is cancer.