DYRK1A is expressed in neuroepithelia precursor cells during the prophase of embryonic development in Drosophila, which sets the conversion step from proliferations to neurogenic divisions, and mutations of DYRK1A could induce a microcephaly phenotype and abnormal retinal forming progression (Tejedor et al., 1995; Fotaki et al., 2002; Hämmerle et al., 2002; Laguna et al., 2008; Brault et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene DYRK1A and microcephaly.