DYRK1A and autism spectrum disorder: It has been reported that haploinsufficiency of DYRK1A is related to intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and development delay (DD) (van Bon et al., 2016; Earl et al., 2017; Arbones et al., 2019; Morison et al., 2022).