PTEN and ovarian cancer: Each of these genes has different estimates of how likely they are to cause the disease. Genes with high penetrance, such as TP53, PTEN, STK11, and CDH1, significantly increase the likelihood of developing breast and ovarian cancers. Furthermore, PALB2, BRIP1, ATM, CHEK2, BARD1, NBN, NF1, RAD51C, RAD51D, and mismatch repair genes are the most important.