INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Interestingly, researchers have observed notable variations in the therapeutic efficacy of the exenatide-metformin combination therapy between different genders, with female patients displaying a more favorable treatment outcome for decreasing the levels of HbA1c, BMI, improving insulin sensitivity, reducing insulin resistance (P<0.05), etc. It suggested that this combined method may be more suitable for female individuals with T2D (143).