These immunological sequelae provide a plausible explanation for the reduced cytokine expression observed in our SARS-CoV-2 seropositive TB patients: TNF-α, G-CSF, IL-1β and IL-8 are produced by myeloid cells in response to Mtb stimulation, and IP-10, IL-4 and IL-13 are released by T-cell subsets in TB (25). This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and tuberculosis.