NOS2 and Hyperglycemia: Our studies show that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and hyperglycemia, the two important components associated with cardiac ischemia by upregulating iNOS-NO signaling (Gawrys et al, 2020), induced AMPKγ1 S-nitrosylation, which, in turn impairs VSMC contractile phenotypic restoration of the newly developed collateral artery.