Molecularly targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has led to major clinical improvement in about 25% of patients with NSCLC harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activating alterations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene or c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) fusions [2]. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.