CSF2 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: However, in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the production of GM-CSF by tumor cells triggered the proliferation of c-Kit+Lineageneg splenocytes and their differentiation into immunosuppressive myeloid cells, which were then recruited to the tumors and enhanced their growth (Bayne et al, 2012).