WARS1 and kidney failure: Consistently, the high WARS1 group (at 9 h after CS inoculation) showed significantly higher levels of cytokines and chemokines (Fig. 2F), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), indicators of liver and kidney failure, respectively (Fig. 2G–I), than those of the low-WARS1 group, except for blood bacterial colony-forming units (CFU) (p = 0.09, Fig. 2J).