First, to investigate the potential role of WARS1 as a stratification biomarker for sepsis, a total of 243 participants were enrolled from intensive care units (ICUs) at the Asan Medical Center, and healthy control (n = 56), patients diagnosed with either sepsis (n = 100) or septic shock (n = 89) were included (Fig. EV1A). The gene discussed is WARS1; the disease is septic shock.