NDUFS4 and Leigh syndrome: However, the difference in the molecular phenotypes can be assigned, not to structural effects, but to the near-complete absence of NDUFA12 in ndufs4−/− mouse tissues, embryonic fibroblasts, and NDUFS4-mutated Leigh syndrome patient cells (Adjobo-Hermans et al, 2020); similar observations were also made for ndufs4−/− mouse glutamatergic vestibular neurons, that are affected in Leigh syndrome (Gella et al, 2020).