We identified several potential CHI3L1 target proteins, including VEGFA, TGF-β1, Cluster of Differentiation 74 (CD74), IL-6, inhibitor of DNA binding 3 (ID3), MMP9, CXCL8, and SPP1, in this type of cancer (Fig. 4c upper panel). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.