ITGB1 and cancer: Furthermore, it is reported that the activation of ITGB1 intracellular signaling is related to upregulation of both MAPKs pathway and EMT program12,23,24 and an emergent role of ITGB1 contributing to the modulation of DNA damage repair (DDR) by affecting cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis and ATM/Chk2 signaling in several cancer cells25,26 is also described.