The expression of IFN-β and the interferon-associated genes was significantly increased in CUL5 deficient macrophages of influenza or dsRNA-induced asthma exacerbation mice in vivo, and Poly(I:C)-stimulated BMDMs or PMA-induced THP-1 macrophages in vitro (Fig. 3b, c, Supplementary Fig. 6c–e). The gene discussed is CUL5; the disease is influenza.