In atrial cardiomyocytes from patients with atrial fibrillation, NLRP3 inflammasome activity was increased.182 Mice expressing constitutively active NLRP3 in their cardiomyocytes (cardiomyocyte-KI) showed spontaneous premature atrial contractions; using MCC950 to inhibit NLRP3 blunted the spontaneous premature atrial contractions.182 Cardiomyocyte-KI mice exhibited larger atria, electrical remodeling, and abnormal spontaneous Ca2+ release patterns from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which were prevented by the knockdown of NLRP3 in cardiomyocytes. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and atrial fibrillation.