NLRP3 levels are significantly upregulated in patients with IgA nephropathy, as well as in the IgA nephropathy mouse model.320,321 The IgA immune complex activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and mROS overproduction in macrophages. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is IgA glomerulonephritis.