It has been reported that MS patients have elevated caspase-1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in their peripheral blood monocytes, brain tissues, and cerebrospinal fluid.234,235 In addition, a crucial function of NLRP3 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is to prime CD4 + T cell migration through increasing the expression of chemotaxis-related protein, which indicates that the EAE animal model for MS involves the NLRP3 inflammasome.236 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is another CNS autoimmune disease. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.