In monocytes, NLRC5 plays a vital role in mediating caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion in response to infections from Escherichia coli, S. aureus, and Shigella flexneri, or upon stimulation by TLR ligands.29 Intriguingly, NLRP3 agonists can trigger IL-1β secretion via NLRC5. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is infection.