Moreover, transfecting plasmids encoding NLRP6, ASC, and pro-caspase-1 into COS-7L cells induces IL-1β secretion.161 Further evidence of NLRP6 inflammasomes comes from studies showing that NLRP6-deficient mice developed enhanced dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, like that of ASC- and IL-18-deficient mice. The gene discussed is PYCARD; the disease is colitis.