CD8A and neoplasm: However, after CD8 depletion, confirmed by flow cytometry (Supplementary Fig. 15f), the improved anti-tumor benefit of VC combined with anti-PD-L1 was absent in comparison to single VC or anti-PD-L1 treatment (Supplementary Fig. 15c–e), suggesting the combinational efficiency of VC and anti-PD-L1 therapy depending on CD8+ T cell-induced anti-tumor immune response.