PDCD1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: We evaluated a recent HCC dataset with patients who underwent anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy38 and found that 33–50% patients with high ISGs expressions benefitted from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, whereas only 8–16% patients with low ISGs expressions responded to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy (Supplementary Fig. 13a), imply that cGAS-STING activation may improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in liver cancer.