RAGE is a pattern-recognition receptor that is known to be induced in macrophages in obesity and atherosclerosis (8, 9) and is a putative receptor for several DAMPs released as a consequence of lipotoxic hepatocyte injury (8, 26), including S100A11, which we have demonstrated to be enriched on lipotoxic extracellular vesicles (27). This evidence concerns the gene S100A11 and atherosclerosis.