ACTA1 and colorectal carcinoma: Furthermore, the TGF-βR inhibitor SB525334 alone or in combination with KN046, which decreased TGF-β signaling as measured by phosphorylated SMAD2/3 (p-SMAD2/3) levels, effectively reduced expression of multiple markers for myCAFs (α-SMA, periostin, transgelin) and iCAFs (PDGFRA, CXCL12, IL-6) in both peritoneal and liver metastasis of CRC mice (Figure 7, F–K, and Supplemental Figure 4, A–E) (49).