The interaction of these high-risk aberrations may lead to especially high rates of primary refractory disease and early relapses in children with NUP98::NSD1 AML and dismal long-term survival (Bisio et al., 2017; Hollink et al., 2011; Niktoreh et al., 2019; Struski et al., 2017). Here, NUP98 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.