ACE and hypertensive disorder: Based on hypertensive pharmacogenomics of CYP2C9*3, ADRB1(1165 G>C), AGTR1 (1166 A>C), CYP2D6*10, ACE (I/D), CYP3A5*3, and NPPA (2238 T>C), the principle of personalized drug delivery was proposed as follows: (a) doubling the standard dose is suggested when the hypertension is moderately sensitive to certain anti-hypertensive drugs; and (b) the minimum dose is recommended to initiate treatment when the hypertension is highly sensitive to certain anti-hypertensive drugs (7).