In addition, elevated CTACK/CCL27 concentrations have been found in patients with systemic sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (31–33), and recent MR studies have similarly shown a positive correlation between CTACK/CCL27 concentrations and the prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (34), but studies are lacking to further elucidate these findings. This evidence concerns the gene CCL27 and neuromyelitis optica.