After viral infection, the PRRs melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-1) and laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2) are activated in cells and identify viral dsRNA or double 5′ capped-pppRNA structures (Negishi et al., 2018). The gene discussed is IFIH1; the disease is viral infectious disease.