Our results also demonstrated that GLP-1 RA use was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality compared to no-use of GLP-1 RAs in patients with T2D and without viral hepatitis, which may be attributable to the reduced risks of cardiovascular events, and liver-related and cardiovascular mortality with GLP-1 RA use in this study. Here, GCG is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.