Through the univariate Cox analysis, we identified 14 significant FRGs (SPRR2E, MYBPH, SOST, CYP4F8, HMGCS2, PDZD3, SPRR2A, BHMT, CRNN, LCE3D, CRTAC1, LRTM1, DSG3, KRT6B) as independent prognostic indicators for BLCA (Fig. 7a). Here, SOST is linked to bladder transitional cell carcinoma.