This was mainly due to the reduction of prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer as recommended by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) [25, 26], which recommended against PSA-based screening for men aged 75 years or older in 2008, and against PSA-based prostate cancer screening for all men in 2012. Here, KLK3 is linked to prostate carcinoma.