HMGCS1 and neoplasm: Subsequently, miR-223 targets the 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs) of TGFBR3 (encoding transforming growth factor beta receptor 3) and HMGCS1 (encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1), significantly downregulating their expression, and ultimately promoting CSCC tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.