In light of the immunosuppressive role of PD-L1 expressed on cells or exosomes, Li et al. elucidated that exosomes derived from PD-1-expressing cytotoxic T cells had the capability to neutralize PD-L1, thereby increasing the activity and proliferation of CD8+ effector T cells and directly killing tumor cells through FasL and granzyme B103. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.