FLT4 and lymphedema: The majority of mutations result in reduced activation of the VEGFR3 pathway.110 Secondary lymphedema arises as a result of infection, trauma or surgery.132 Current treatment strategies include mainly physical or surgical interventions to alleviate edema and these treatments include decongestive therapy, intermittent pneumatic compression and liposuction.133 In addition, recent studies have revealed the efficacy of pharmacotherapy and cell-based therapies in the treatment of lymphedema.134,135