INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: These include 1) we studied a limited number of participants with well-controlled type 2 diabetes without known microvascular complications; 2) there was no placebo control group; 3) the study lasted only 12 wk, hence, we cannot speculate on whether the observed effects endure; 4) the insulin clamp, while extremely useful for testing insulin sensitivity, has no physiological parallel.