As HSD11B1 was mainly expressed in myeloid cells of RCC patients, and since we observed an increase of the MDSC/DC ratio in response to HSD11B1 inhibition in anti-PD-1-treated tumors, we tested whether HSD11B1 activity modulated the anti-tumor response to resiquimod (R848), which is a TLR7/8 agonist. This evidence concerns the gene HSD11B1 and renal cell carcinoma.