Accumulated evidence from longitudinal cohort studies and large-scale screening efforts for T1D has led to the establishment of 4 well-characterized IAbs, including autoantibodies targeting insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma-associated antigen-2 (IA-2A), and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A), as key biomarkers for prediction of type 1 diabetes [16]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.