NPY and colonic neoplasm: transplanted feces from health people and sporadic colon cancer patients into germ-free mice and found that the colon cancer-associated microbiota, with a higher abundance of Parvimonas and Parasutterella, induced more hypermethylated genes, such as SFRP1,2,3, PENK, NPY, ALX4, SEPT9, and WIF1, in the colonic mucosa of mice than the microbiota receptors of healthy controls.