The increased frequency of nestin+ MSCs in AML patients’ BM and in ALL murine xenograft models represents a cell-to-cell contact-dependent ROS-detoxifying mechanism that permits mitochondrial transfer to promote chemoresistance and recurrence (Wang et al., 2018; Burt et al., 2019; Moore et al., 2019) (Figure 2). Here, NES is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.