MLKL and cancer: In addition, PANoptosis can be induced by various nanoparticles, including gold, silver, and carbon nanotubes by activating different signaling pathways, such as the RIPK1-RIPK3 axis, the CASP8-CASP3 axis, and the MLKL pathway, effectively eliminating cancer cells, suppressing tumor growth, and enhancing traditional cancer therapies 2,141.