Specifically, the exon 4B isoform of ZIP14 is found to have an eightfold higher affinity for Cd2+ than the exon 4 A isoform, which is known as a potent carcinogen.99 Moreover, Cd2+ has been found to influence several cellular processes, including apoptosis, differentiation, and cell growth, especially the inhibition of DNA mismatch repair,418,419 thus setting off CRC carcinogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene SLC39A14 and colorectal carcinoma.