As shown in Fig. 5A, B, in the GSE152293 dataset, 3 cell types significantly differed between the two groups of patients, including naïve CD4 + T cells, activated dendritic cells, and neutrophils, which showed an infiltration level of almost zero in the group of patients with osteoporosis and high infiltration level in the group of healthy controls. Here, CD4 is linked to osteoporosis.