STAT4 and congenital rubella syndrome: The deficiency showed improvement both in-vitro and in-vivo after exposure to <i>Latilactobacillus sakei</i> (aka <i>Lactobacillus sakei</i>), an effect at least partially dependent on IL-12.<h4>Conclusion</h4>In refractory CRS patients, an identified STAT4 defect correlates with poor clinical outcomes after sinus surgery, which can be therapeutically targeted by <i>Latilactobacillus sakei</i> treatment.